Manuscript Number : SHISRRJ1818938

A Framework for Emission Monitoring and Optimization in Energy-Intensive Floating Oil and Gas Production Systems

Authors(4) :-Andrew Tochukwu Ofoedu, Joshua Emeka Ozor, Oludayo Sofoluwe, Dazok Donald Jambol

Floating oil and gas production systems, including Floating Production Storage and Offloading (FPSO) units and Floating Liquefied Natural Gas (FLNG) facilities, play a crucial role in offshore hydrocarbon extraction. However, these systems are highly energy-intensive and contribute significantly to greenhouse gas (GHG) and pollutant emissions, posing environmental and regulatory challenges. This presents a comprehensive framework for real-time emission monitoring and optimization tailored to the complex operational environment of floating production units. The framework integrates advanced sensor technologies for continuous monitoring of key emission species such as CO₂, CH₄, NOₓ, and SOₓ, coupled with robust data acquisition and transmission protocols designed to handle the harsh offshore conditions. Data fusion techniques are employed to combine sensor outputs with operational logs and process simulations, ensuring data accuracy and reliability despite noise and missing information. Central to the framework is an emission optimization module that leverages thermodynamic and equipment performance models alongside artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms. This module supports multi-objective optimization strategies, balancing emission reduction goals with production efficiency and operational constraints. Key optimization approaches include predictive control, load management, fuel switching, and flare minimization, enabling operators to make informed decisions that reduce environmental impact without compromising system performance. The framework’s efficacy is demonstrated through a detailed case study of a representative FPSO, showcasing significant potential for emission reduction and improved energy efficiency. Sensitivity analyses highlight the robustness of the approach under varying operational conditions and uncertainties. Finally, the review discusses practical considerations for integrating the framework with existing onboard control systems, addressing cybersecurity and operator training needs. Future directions include expanding the framework to incorporate carbon capture technologies and autonomous optimization capabilities. This framework provides a scalable and adaptable solution to support floating production operators in meeting increasingly stringent environmental regulations while optimizing operational performance, thus contributing to the sustainable development of offshore oil and gas resources.

Authors and Affiliations

Andrew Tochukwu Ofoedu
Shell Nigeria Exploration and Production Company, Nigeria
Joshua Emeka Ozor
First Hydrocarbon, Nigeria
Oludayo Sofoluwe
TotalEnergies Nigeria
Dazok Donald Jambol
Shell Petroleum Development Company of Nigeria Ltd

Framework, Emission, Monitoring, Optimization, Energy-intensive, Floating oil and Gas production systems

  1. Achumie, G.O., Oyegbade, I.K., Igwe, A.N., Ofodile, O.C. and Azubuike, C., 2022. A Conceptual Model for Reducing Occupational Exposure Risks in High-Risk Manufacturing and Petrochemical Industries through Industrial Hygiene Practices.
  2. Adedokun, A.P., Adeoye, O., Eleluwor, E., Oke, M.O., Ibiyomi, C., Okenwa, O., Ubendu, O.N. and Obi, I., 2022, August. Production Restoration Following Long Term Community Crisis–A Case Study of Well X in ABC Field, Onshore Nigeria. In SPE Nigeria Annual International Conference and Exhibition (p. D031S016R001). SPE.
  3. Adeniji, I.E., Kokogho, E., Olorunfemi, T.A., Nwaozomudoh, M.O., Odio, P.E. and Sobowale, A., 2022. Customized financial solutions: Conceptualizing increased market share among Nigerian small and medium enterprises. International Journal of Social Science Exceptional Research, 1(1), pp.128-140.
  4. Adesemoye, O.E., Chukwuma-Eke, E.C., Lawal, C.I., Isibor, N.J., Akintobi, A.O. and Ezeh, F.S., (2021). Improving financial forecasting accuracy through advanced data visualization techniques. IRE Journals. 2021; 4 (10): 275-277 [online]
  5. Adewoyin, M.A., 2021. Developing frameworks for managing low-carbon energy transitions: overcoming barriers to implementation in the oil and gas industry.
  6. Adewoyin, M.A., 2022. Advances in risk-based inspection technologies: Mitigating asset integrity challenges in aging oil and gas infrastructure.
  7. ADEWOYIN, M.A., OGUNNOWO, E.O., FIEMOTONGHA, J.E., IGUNMA, T.O. and ADELEKE, A.K., 2020. A Conceptual Framework for Dynamic Mechanical Analysis in High-Performance Material Selection.
  8. ADEWOYIN, M.A., OGUNNOWO, E.O., FIEMOTONGHA, J.E., IGUNMA, T.O. and ADELEKE, A.K., 2020. Advances in Thermofluid Simulation for Heat Transfer Optimization in Compact Mechanical Devices.
  9. ADEWOYIN, M.A., OGUNNOWO, E.O., FIEMOTONGHA, J.E., IGUNMA, T.O. and ADELEKE, A.K., 2021. Advances in CFD-Driven Design for Fluid-Particle Separation and Filtration Systems in Engineering Applications.
  10. Adu, E., Zhang, Y. and Liu, D., 2019. Current situation of carbon dioxide capture, storage, and enhanced oil recovery in the oil and gas industry. The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 97(5), pp.1048-1076.
  11. Ajiga David (2021). Strategic Framework for Leveraging Artificial Intelligence to Improve Financial Reporting Accuracy and Restore Public Trust. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Growth Evaluation. 2(1), pp 882-892
  12. Ajiga, D., Ayanponle, L. and Okatta, C.G., 2022. AI-powered HR analytics: Transforming workforce optimization and decision-making. International Journal of Science and Research Archive, 5(2), pp.338-346.
  13. Akintobi, A.O., Okeke, I.C. and Ajani, O.B., 2022. Advancing economic growth through enhanced tax compliance and revenue generation: Leveraging data analytics and strategic policy reforms. International Journal of Frontline Research in Multidisciplinary Studies, 1(2), pp.085-093.
  14. Akintobi, A.O., Okeke, I.C. and Ajani, O.B., 2022. Transformative tax policy reforms to attract foreign direct investment: Building sustainable economic frameworks in emerging economies. Int J Multidiscip Res Updates, 4(1), pp.8-15.
  15. Akpan, U.U., Adekoya, K.O., Awe, E.T., Garba, N., Oguncoker, G.D. and Ojo, S.G., 2017. Mini-STRs screening of 12 relatives of Hausa origin in northern Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 25(1), pp.48-57.
  16. Akpan, U.U., Awe, T.E. and Idowu, D., 2019. Types and frequency of fingerprint minutiae in individuals of Igbo and Yoruba ethnic groups of Nigeria. Ruhuna Journal of Science, 10(1).
  17. Asadi, J., Yazdani, E., Dehaghani, Y.H. and Kazempoor, P., 2021. Technical evaluation and optimization of a flare gas recovery system for improving energy efficiency and reducing emissions. Energy conversion and management, 236, p.114076.
  18. Awe, E.T. and Akpan, U.U., 2017. Cytological study of Allium cepa and Allium sativum.
  19. Awe, E.T., 2017. Hybridization of snout mouth deformed and normal mouth African catfish Clarias gariepinus. Animal Research International, 14(3), pp.2804-2808.
  20. Awe, E.T., Akpan, U.U. and Adekoya, K.O., 2017. Evaluation of two MiniSTR loci mutation events in five Father-Mother-Child trios of Yoruba origin. Nigerian Journal of Biotechnology, 33, pp.120-124.
  21. Awe, T., 2021. Cellular Localization Of Iron-Handling Proteins Required For Magnetic Orientation In C. Elegans.
  22. Bento, N. and Fontes, M., 2019. Emergence of floating offshore wind energy: Technology and industry. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 99, pp.66-82.
  23. Chudi, O., Iwegbu, J., Tetegan, G., Ikwueze, O., Effiom, O., Oke-Oghene, U., Ayodeji, B., Opatewa, S., Oladipo, T., Afolayan, T. and Tonyi, A.A., 2019, August. Integration of rock physics and seismic inversion for net-to-gross estimation: Implication for reservoir modelling and field development in offshore Niger Delta. In SPE Nigeria Annual International Conference and Exhibition (p. D033S028R010). SPE.
  24. Chudi, O., Kanu, M., Anaevune, A., Yamusa, I., Iwegbu, J., Sesan, O. and Musa, J., 2019, August. A Novel Approach for Predicting Sand Stringers: A Case Study of the Baka Field Offshore Nigeria. In SPE Nigeria Annual International Conference and Exhibition (p. D023S006R003). SPE.
  25. Chudi, O., Kanu, M., Johnbosco, U., Udoh, N., Fatunmbi, A., Onwuka, O., Ebimobowei, W., Ovwigho, I., Tichelaar, B. and Xian, H., 2021. Application of Quantitative Interpretation in De-risking Hydrocarbon Type: Implication for Shallow Water Exploration in EKEM Field, Niger Delta.
  26. Clarke, L., Sahin-Dikmen, M. and Winch, C., 2020. Overcoming diverse approaches to vocational education and training to combat climate change: The case of low energy construction in Europe. Oxford Review of Education, 46(5), pp.619-636.
  27. Daraojimba, A.I., Ubamadu, B.C., Ojika, F.U., Owobu, O., Abieba, O.A. and Esan, O.J., 2021. Optimizing AI models for crossfunctional collaboration: A framework for improving product roadmap execution in agile teams. IRE Journals, 5(1), p.14.
  1. Dienagha, I.N., Onyeke, F.O., Digitemie, W.N. and Adekunle, M., 2021. Strategic reviews of greenfield gas projects in Africa: Lessons learned for expanding regional energy infrastructure and security.
  2. Elete, T.Y., Nwulu, E.O., Omomo, K.O., Esiri, A.E. and Aderamo, A.T., 2022. Data analytics as a catalyst for operational optimization: A comprehensive review of techniques in the oil and gas sector. International Journal of Frontline Research in Multidisciplinary Studies, 1(2), pp.32-45.
  3. Elete, T.Y., Nwulu, E.O., Omomo, K.O., Esiri, A.E. and Aderamo, A.T., 2022. A generic framework for ensuring safety and efficiency in international engineering projects: key concepts and strategic approaches. International Journal of Frontline Research and Reviews, 1(2), pp.23-26.
  4. Esan, O.J., Uzozie, O.T. and Onaghinor, O., 2022. Policy and Operational Synergies: Strategic Supply Chain Optimization for National Economic Growth.
  5. Gamer, T., Hoernicke, M., Kloepper, B., Bauer, R. and Isaksson, A.J., 2020. The autonomous industrial plant–future of process engineering, operations and maintenance. Journal of Process Control, 88, pp.101-110.
  6. Giuliani, M., Camarda, G., Montini, M., Cadei, L., Bianco, A., Shokry, A., Baraldi, P. and Zio, E., 2019, March. Flaring events prediction and prevention through advanced big data analytics and machine learning algorithms. In Offshore Mediterranean Conference and Exhibition (pp. OMC-2019). OMC.
  7. Komi, L.S., Chianumba, E.C., Forkuo, A.Y., Osamika, D. and Mustapha, A.Y., 2022. A conceptual framework for training community health workers through virtual public health education modules. IRE Journals, 5(11), pp.332-335.
  8. Magnus, K., Edwin, Q., Samuel, O. and Nedomien, O., 2011, September. Onshore 4D processing: Niger Delta example: Kolo Creek case study. In SEG International Exposition and Annual Meeting (pp. SEG-2011). SEG.
  9. Mustapha, A.Y., Chianumba, E.C., Forkuo, A.Y., Osamika, D. and Komi, L.S., 2021. Systematic Review of Digital Maternal Health Education Interventions in Low-Infrastructure Environments. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Growth Evaluation, 2(1), pp.909-918.
  10. Nilsson, L.J., Bauer, F., Åhman, M., Andersson, F.N., Bataille, C., de la Rue du Can, S., Ericsson, K., Hansen, T., Johansson, B., Lechtenböhmer, S. and van Sluisveld, M., 2021. An industrial policy framework for transforming energy and emissions intensive industries towards zero emissions. Climate Policy, 21(8), pp.1053-1065.
  11. Nwulu, E.O., Elete, T.Y., Aderamo, A.T., Esiri, A.E. and Omomo, K.O., 2022. Predicting industry advancements: A comprehensive outlook on future trends and innovations in oil and gas engineering. International Journal of Frontline Research in Engineering and Technology, 1(2), pp.6-18.
  12. Nwulu, E.O., Elete, T.Y., Aderamo, A.T., Esiri, A.E. and Omomo, K.O., 2022. Predicting industry advancements: A comprehensive outlook on future trends and innovations in oil and gas engineering. International Journal of Frontline Research in Engineering and Technology, 1(2), pp.6-18.
  13. Nwulu, E.O., Elete, T.Y., Erhueh, O.V., Akano, O.A. and Aderamo, A.T., 2022. Integrative project and asset management strategies to maximize gas production: A review of best practices. World Journal of Advanced Science and Technology, 2(2), pp.18-33.
  14. Nwulu, E.O., Elete, T.Y., Erhueh, O.V., Akano, O.A. and Omomo, K.O., 2022. Leadership in multidisciplinary engineering projects: A review of effective management practices and outcomes. International Journal of Scientific Research Updates, 4(2), pp.188-197.
  1. Odio, P.E., Kokogho, E., Olorunfemi, T.A., Nwaozomudoh, M.O., Adeniji, I.E. and Sobowale, A., 2021. Innovative financial solutions: A conceptual framework for expanding SME portfolios in Nigeria's banking sector. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Growth Evaluation, 2(1), pp.495-507.
  2. Ogunnowo, E., Ogu, E., Egbumokei, P., Dienagha, I. and Digitemie, W., 2021. Theoretical framework for dynamic mechanical analysis in material selection for highperformance engineering applications. Open Access Research Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies, 1(2), pp.117-131.
    • Ogunnowo, E., Ogu, E., Egbumokei, P., Dienagha, I. and Digitemie, W., 2022. Theoretical model for predicting microstructural evolution in superalloys under directed energy deposition (DED) processes. Magna Scientia Advanced Research and Reviews, 5(1), pp.76-89.
    • OGUNNOWO, E.O., ADEWOYIN, M.A., FIEMOTONGHA, J.E., IGUNMA, T.O. and ADELEKE, A.K., 2020. Systematic Review of Non-Destructive Testing Methods for Predictive Failure Analysis in Mechanical Systems.
    • OGUNNOWO, E.O., ADEWOYIN, M.A., FIEMOTONGHA, J.E., IGUNMA, T.O. and ADELEKE, A.K., 2021. A Conceptual Model for Simulation-Based Optimization of HVAC Systems Using Heat Flow Analytics.
    • Ogunwole, O., Onukwulu, E.C., Sam-Bulya, N.J., Joel, M.O. and Achumie, G.O., 2022. Optimizing automated pipelines for realtime data processing in digital media and e-commerce. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Growth Evaluation, 3(1), pp.112-120.
    • Ogunwole, O., Onukwulu, E.C., Sam-Bulya, N.J., Joel, M.O. and Ewim, C.P., 2022. Enhancing risk management in big data systems: A framework for secure and scalable investments. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Comprehensive Research, 1(1), pp.10-16.
    • Ojika, F.U., Owobu, O., Abieba, O.A., Esan, O.J., Daraojimba, A.I. and Ubamadu, B.C., 2021. A conceptual framework for AI-driven digital transformation: Leveraging NLP and machine learning for enhanced data flow in retail operations. IRE Journals, 4(9).
    • Ojika, F.U., Owobu, W.O., Abieba, O.A., Esan, O.J., Ubamadu, B.C. and Daraojimba, A.I., 2022. The Impact of Machine Learning on Image Processing: A Conceptual Model for Real-Time Retail Data Analysis and Model Optimization.
    • Ojika, F.U., Owobu, W.O., Abieba, O.A., Esan, O.J., Ubamadu, B.C. and Daraojimba, A.I., 2022. Integrating TensorFlow with Cloud-Based Solutions: A Scalable Model for Real-Time Decision-Making in AI-Powered Retail Systems.
    • Okolo, F.C., Etukudoh, E.A., Ogunwole, O., Osho, G.O. and Basiru, J.O., 2022. Advances in Integrated Geographic Information Systems and AI Surveillance for Real-Time Transportation Threat Monitoring. Journal name missing.
    • Okolo, F.C., Etukudoh, E.A., Ogunwole, O., Osho, G.O. and Basiru, J.O., 2022. Policy-Oriented Framework for Multi-Agency Data Integration Across National Transportation and Infrastructure Systems. Journal name missing.
    • Okolo, F.C., Etukudoh, E.A., Ogunwole, O.L.U.F.U.N.M.I.L.A.Y.O., Osho, G.O. and Basiru, J.O., 2021. Systematic Review of Cyber Threats and Resilience Strategies Across Global Supply Chains and Transportation Networks. Journal name missing.
    • Omisola, J.O., Etukudoh, E.A., Okenwa, O.K. and Tokunbo, G.I., 2020. Innovating Project Delivery and Piping Design for Sustainability in the Oil and Gas Industry: A Conceptual Framework. perception, 24, pp.28-35.
    • Onaghinor, O., Uzozie, O.T. and Esan, O.J., 2022. Optimizing Project Management in Multinational Supply Chains: A Framework for Data-Driven Decision-Making and Performance Tracking.
    • Onaghinor, O., Uzozie, O.T., Esan, O.J., Etukudoh, E.A. and Omisola, J.O., 2021. Predictive modeling in procurement: A framework for using spend analytics and forecasting to optimize inventory control. IRE Journals, 5(6), pp.312-314.
    • Onukwulu, E.C., Fiemotongha, J.E., Igwe, A.N. and Ewim, C.P.M., 2022. International Journal of Management and Organizational Research.
    • Onyeke, F.O., Odujobi, O., Adikwu, F.E. and Elete, T.Y., 2022. Advancements in the integration and optimization of control systems: Overcoming challenges in DCS, SIS, and PLC deployments for refinery automation. Open Access Res J Multidiscip Stud, 4(2), pp.94-101.
    • Onyeke, F.O., Odujobi, O., Adikwu, F.E. and Elete, T.Y., 2022. Innovative approaches to enhancing functional safety in Distributed Control Systems (DCS) and Safety Instrumented Systems (SIS) for oil and gas applications. Open Access Research Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies, 3 (1). Open Access Research Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies, 3(1), pp.106-112.
    • Orieno Omamode Henry Oluchukwu Modesta Oluoha, Abisola Odeshina, Oluwatosin Reis, Friday Okpeke, Verlinda Attipoe (2021). Project Management Innovations for Strengthening Cybersecurity Compliance across Complex Enterprises. 2(1), pp 871 – 881.
    • Oyedokun, O.O., 2019. Green human resource management practices and its effect on the sustainable competitive edge in the Nigerian manufacturing industry (Dangote) (Doctoral dissertation, Dublin Business School).
    • Patterson, D., Gonzalez, J., Le, Q., Liang, C., Munguia, L.M., Rothchild, D., So, D., Texier, M. and Dean, J., 2021. Carbon emissions and large neural network training. arXiv preprint arXiv:2104.10350.
    • Rubio, F., Llopis-Albert, C. and Valero, F., 2021. Multi-objective optimization of costs and energy efficiency associated with autonomous industrial processes for sustainable growth. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 173, p.121115.
    • Singh, M., Senthilkumar, S., Rajput, S. and Neogi, S., 2020. Pore-functionalized and hydrolytically robust Cd (II)-metal–organic framework for highly selective, multicyclic CO2 adsorption and fast-responsive luminescent monitoring of Fe (III) and Cr (VI) ions with notable sensitivity and reusability. Inorganic chemistry, 59(5), pp.3012-3025.
    • Sircar, A., Yadav, K., Rayavarapu, K., Bist, N. and Oza, H., 2021. Application of machine learning and artificial intelligence in oil and gas industry. Petroleum Research, 6(4), pp.379-391.
    • Sobowale, A., Odio, P.E., Kokogho, E., Olorunfemi, T.A., Nwaozomudoh, M.O. and Adeniji, I.E., 2022. A conceptual model for reducing operational delays in currency distribution across Nigerian banks. International Journal of Social Science Exceptional Research, 1(6), pp.17-29.
    • Solanke*, B., Aigbokhai, U., Kanu, M. and Madiba, G., 2014. Impact of accounting for velocity anisotropy on depth image; Niger Delta case history. In SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2014 (pp. 400-404). Society of Exploration Geophysicists.
    • Sommer, B., Fowler, A.M., Macreadie, P.I., Palandro, D.A., Aziz, A.C. and Booth, D.J., 2019. Decommissioning of offshore oil and gas structures–Environmental opportunities and challenges. Science of the total environment, 658, pp.973-981.
    • Srivastava, R., Awojobi, M.O.H.A.M.M.E.D. and Amann, J., 2020. Training the Workforce for High-Performance Buildings: Enhancing Skills for Operations and Maintenance. American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy, Washington, DC.
    • Tofangchi, S., Hanelt, A., Marz, D. and Kolbe, L.M., 2021. Handling the efficiency–personalization trade-off in service robotics: A machine-learning approach. Journal of Management Information Systems, 38(1), pp.246-276.
    • Ubamadu, B.C., Bihani, D., Daraojimba, A.I., Osho, G.O., Omisola, J.O. and Etukudoh, E.A., 2022. Optimizing Smart Contract Development: A Practical Model for Gasless Transactions via Facial Recognition in Blockchain.
    • Uzozie, O.T., Onaghinor, O. and Esan, O.J., 2022. Innovating Last-Mile Delivery Post-Pandemic: A Dual-Continent Framework for Leveraging Robotics and AI.
    • Uzozie, O.T., Onaghinor, O., Esan, O.J., Osho, G.O. and Olatunde, J., 2022. Global Supply Chain Strategy: Framework for Managing Cross-Continental Efficiency and Performance in Multinational Operations.
    • Vora, M., Sanni, S. and Flage, R., 2021. An environmental risk assessment framework for enhanced oil recovery solutions from offshore oil and gas industry. Environmental impact assessment review, 88, p.106512.

Publication Details

Published in : Volume 5 | Issue 4 | July-August 2022
Date of Publication : 2022-07-30
License:  This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Page(s) : 208-225
Manuscript Number : SHISRRJ1818938
Publisher : Shauryam Research Institute

ISSN : 2581-6306

Cite This Article :

Andrew Tochukwu Ofoedu, Joshua Emeka Ozor, Oludayo Sofoluwe, Dazok Donald Jambol, "A Framework for Emission Monitoring and Optimization in Energy-Intensive Floating Oil and Gas Production Systems", Shodhshauryam, International Scientific Refereed Research Journal (SHISRRJ), ISSN : 2581-6306, Volume 5, Issue 4, pp.208-225, July-August.2022
URL : https://shisrrj.com/SHISRRJ1818938

Article Preview