Manuscript Number : SHISRRJ22524

Emancipation of Subaltern : A Discourse from Kabir

Authors(1) :-Ramesh Kumar

Bhakti movement emerged in medieval India against the exploitative social order. It challenged the prevailing hegemony of Brahmins and Mullah and similarly denounced the other social evils like religious dogmas, exploitative caste and immoral practices of the priests and the ruling classes. The Saint of Bhakti movement critiqued the dominant social order founded on oppression, humiliation, and exploitation. Scholars of the Bhakti movement criticised and offered an alternative to the prevalent social system envisioned of an egalitarian, democratic, and humanist society. This paper highlights the ideas of Kabir on which they condemned the prevalent social order and which were the major cause of oppression of subalterns, especially the marginal section of the society. This paper describes the ideas of Kabir, which are the inspiration for subaltern emancipation.

Authors and Affiliations

Ramesh Kumar
PhD Research Scholar, BBAU, Lucknow, U.P., India

Bhakti, Emancipation, Sufism, salvation, Subaltern

  1. Aloysius, G. (2009). Demystifying Modernity: Notes Not so Tentative. Social Scientist, 37(9/10), 49-54.
  2. Chand, T. (1946). Influence of Islam on Indian. Culture, Indian Press, Allahabad.
  3. Dinkar, R. S. (1962). Sanskriti ke char adhyay. Lokbharati.
  4. Ezekiel, I. A. (1966). Kabir: the great mystic. Radha Soami Satsang Beas.
  5. Grierson, G. A. (1910); "Bhakti Marga", in Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics. Vol.2,
  6. Hedayetullah, M.  (1977). Kabir: the apostle of Hindu-Muslim unity. Motilal Banarsidass.
  7. Hess, L., & Singh, S. (2015). The Bijak of Kabir. Motilal Banarsidass
  8. K P Prentiss & K Pechilis. (1999). The embodiment of Bhakti. Oxford University Press .
  9. Keay, F. E.  (1995). Kabir and his Followers. Mittal Publications.
  10. , Rohini. 2005. “On the Threshold: The Songs of Chokhamela.” In Eleanor Zelliot and Rohini Mokashi- Punekar, eds., Untouchable Saints: An Indian phenomenon,123- 42. New Delhi: Manohar.
  11. Musin,Fani,( 1943) , Dabistan-i-Mazahib or School of Manners, tr. Sheba and Troyer,
  12. Navayana Publishing, New Delhi.
  13. Omvedt, G. (2008). Seeking Begumpura: The social vision of anticaste intellectuals.
  14. Paris,.p. 187
  15. Raghavan, V. 1966. The Great Integrators: The Saint- Singers og India . DELHI: Pulication Division, Govement of India.
  16. Schomer, K., & McLeod, W. H. (Eds.). (1987). The Sants: studies in a devotional tradition of India. Motilal Banarsidass Publ.
  17. Shah Gyansham.( 1985). Ant- Untouchability Movement as, Caste. Caste Conflict on Reservation. Delhi.
  18. Sharma, K. (1987). Bhakti and the Bhakti movement: a new perspective; a study in the history of ideas. Munshiram Manoharlal Publ.
  19. Singh, G. (2004). The Sikh Religion. Cultural and Religious Heritage of India: Sikhism, 
  20. Singh, R. (2001). Review of “Selected couplets from The Sakhi in transversion” by Kabir. Babel, 47(4), 377-382.
  21. Tagore, R. (2005) One Hundred Pomes of Kabir. Delhi.
  22. Tyagisananda, S. (2014). Svetasvatara upanishad. Lulu Press.
  23. Vaudeville, C., & Partin, H. B. (1964). Kabīr and Interior Religion. History of Religions, 3(2), 191-201. Published by: The University of Chicago Press.
  24. Weber, M., & Gerth, H. (1967). The religion of India: The sociology of Hinduism and Buddhism. New Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal.
  25. Wilson, H. H. (1861). Essays and Lectures on the Religions of the Hindus: Selected Works, coll. and ed. Dr. Reinhold Rost 2 vols, 62, 253.

Publication Details

Published in : Volume 5 | Issue 2 | March-April 2022
Date of Publication : 2022-03-30
License:  This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Page(s) : 09-15
Manuscript Number : SHISRRJ22524
Publisher : Shauryam Research Institute

ISSN : 2581-6306

Cite This Article :

Ramesh Kumar, "Emancipation of Subaltern : A Discourse from Kabir ", Shodhshauryam, International Scientific Refereed Research Journal (SHISRRJ), ISSN : 2581-6306, Volume 5, Issue 2, pp.09-15, March-April.2022
URL : https://shisrrj.com/SHISRRJ22524

Article Preview